1. Charging is difficult.
By the end of last year, the number of charging piles in China had reached 450,000, a year-on-year increase of 51%, but it was still far from meeting the charging demand of electric vehicles. Although the vehicle's driving range has increased, the problems in the charging process have been alleviated to some extent, but the overall situation has not changed fundamentally, and the phenomenon of charging difficulty is still outstanding.
2. Low utilization rate
At present, there are polarization differences in the utilization rate of public charging piles in different areas in many cities. For example, in the same city, the utilization rate in some areas can reach 70%, but it is extremely low in some areas. By the end of 2017, the utilization rate of public charging piles in China was less than 15%, and some charging piles even became zombie piles. Due to the initial "staking the horse", many enterprises did not consider the market demand when building piles, but only focused on grabbing the site and expanding the market share. Some charging piles are installed in remote areas, even in fields, so the number of effective charging piles is not as large as (statistically).
3. Unbalanced layout
The location of the charging pile needs to consider factors such as passenger flow density and utilization rate, which makes public areas such as supermarkets, schools, hospitals, tourist attractions, etc. the objects favored by charging pile enterprises. Most parts of the country have a certain amount of construction, but the main areas are in Beijing-Tianjin, the east coast, the southeast coast and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and the construction areas in the west and north are still relatively few. Statistics show that the utilization rate of charging piles is 70% in the urban areas in the north and the north, but the utilization rate in the second and third tier cities is extremely low. In addition, the operation mode of some related enterprises is the dual mode of equipment plus operation, which leads to the waste of some resources and some inadequate maintenance and repair.
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Second, the current problems of charging pile construction
1. Land
At present, the shortage of urban land supply is well known. Large-scale construction of charging stations will take up valuable land resources, while many cities have no large land for planning and construction of charging stations. If we consider taking up urban green space, this will itself violate the starting point of the country's development of new energy vehicles. Moreover, the construction of charging stations itself must meet the conditions of "three links and one leveling" (water, electricity, road access and site leveling), and the site selection itself is very difficult. Therefore, the land factor
2. Cost
First of all, investing in the construction of charging stations requires a lot of money. For example, the investment in charging stations of State Grid will cost hundreds of millions of yuan, and the construction period is long. After the investment, it will face huge losses in the early stage. According to insiders of State Grid, there are almost no profitable projects in more than 400 charging stations that have been built, and they are in a state of loss across the board; According to the statement of China Southern Power Grid Branch, its seven charging stations built and operated in Shenzhen have an annual loss of 13 million yuan. Secondly, the charging station needs to be equipped with a large number of charging attendants, which will lead to high operating costs, high labor costs and low efficiency.
3. Service ability
At present, due to the performance of the power battery, it takes 2-3 hours to fully charge in the fast charging mode. Therefore, the pile-vehicle ratio of most charging stations is configured according to 1: 3 or 1: 4. Even if a charging station is equipped with 30 chargers, it can only serve less than 100 vehicles. What's more, most charging stations are equipped with about 10 chargers, so the number of service vehicles is even smaller, and the daily service capacity of a gas station of the same scale can reach.
4. Convenience
In some public bus fields, after the vehicle runs, it needs to go to the charging station to replenish electricity, which in itself increases the complexity of charging, and it is easy to collide with the buildings or equipment of the charging station during the moving process, which makes the whole charging process very inconvenient.
Third, the charging pile station solution
1. Since there are many problems in the construction of charging stations, we need to think differently. In the charging infrastructure, the most important equipment is charging piles. We can completely transform a charging station into several charging piles for distributed construction. In this way, the advantages of distributed charging piles, such as less land occupation, low cost and short construction period, can be fully displayed, thus avoiding various defects of traditional charging stations.
2. At this stage, we are in the process of promoting new energy vehicles, and the target customer groups are relatively fixed, mainly concentrated in public transportation, specific industries and some private vehicles. Their operation rules, usage habits, parking places and time are all regular. The construction of charging infrastructure needs to be closer to users, meet their needs, and build charging pile groups according to users' usage characteristics.
3. Due to the small influence of land factors, the construction mode of distributed charging pile group has strong flexibility in the planning process of urban charging infrastructure, and the layout of charging pile group can be adjusted according to the changes of users' needs. Even if the charging pile needs to be relocated, it is much easier than the relocation of charging station, and the reuse rate of equipment is also high. This also reflects the requirement of "piles follow cars" mentioned in the new energy promotion scheme of local government to some extent.
4. The concept of network should be emphasized in the construction of distributed charging pile group. It may be several points in the early stage. With the increase of users and the expansion of scale, an urban service network will be formed from point to point. This is the ecological structure of urban charging infrastructure in the future. Of course, whoever has the network built early, with large scale and high service level will occupy the highland of the future industry.
5. As the distributed charging pile group has the characteristics of unattended operation and self-service operation by users, the charging pile group needs to have a high security level, friendly operation interface and intelligent service terminal, and it needs to be equipped with a monitoring platform and an operation and maintenance team. These are the important functions that the distributed charging pile group network needs to have.
In the construction of charging infrastructure, we need innovative thinking, make use of limited resources to meet users' needs, provide energy solutions from users' point of view, and gradually transition from individual needs to common needs, so as to build a basic urban charging service network. In this process, building piles can meet users' needs. In fact, we don't need to invest too much resources in inefficient charging station construction, so don't go astray in the construction of charging infrastructure.